La  devise  de  Chumporn

ชุมพรประตูภาคใต้  ไหว้เสด็จในกรม  ชมไร่กาแฟ  แลหาดทรายรี  ดีกล้วยเล็บมือ  ขึ้นชื่อรังนก

La  devise  de  Bangkok

     กรุงเทพฯ  ดุจเทพสร้าง  เมืองศูนย์กลางการปกครอง  วัด  วัง  งามเรืองรอง  เมืองหลวงของประเทศไทย

Fête nationale

Pourquoi le 14 juillet est-il fête nationale ?

Fête nationale depuis 1880, le 14 juillet commémore la prise de la Bastille de 1789, mais aussi un événement moins connu : la fête de la Fédération de 1790. Fête nationale depuis 1880, le 14 juillet commémore la prise de la Bastille de 1789, mais aussi un événement moins connu : la fête de la Fédération de 1790.

Le 14 juillet 1789 : la prise de la Bastille

La fête nationale commémore d'abord le 14 juillet 1789, première journée révolutionnaire à portée symbolique. Cet été là, une grande agitation règne à Paris. Face au mécontentement populaire, le roi a réuni les Etats généraux, une assemblée des représentants de la noblesse, du clergé et du tiers-état. Ces derniers demandent une réforme profonde des institutions et, le 9 juillet, se proclament Assemblée nationale constituante. L'initiative inquiète le roi qui fait venir en secret des régiments suisses et allemands à proximité de Versailles. La rumeur court bientôt que les troupes royales se préparent à entrer dans Paris pour arrêter les députés. Le 12 juillet, un orateur harangue la foule qu'il appelle à réagir : c'est Camille Desmoulins, monté sur un tonneau, qui annonce une "Saint Barthélemy des patriotes". Au matin du 14 juillet, des Parisiens en colère vont chercher des armes aux Invalides, puis se dirigent vers la vieille forteresse royale de la Bastille, en quête de poudre. Après une journée de fusillade sanglante, et grâce au ralliement de gardes nationaux, les Parisiens s'en emparent et entament sa démolition. Au final, ils ne libèrent que quelques prisonniers et malfrats sans envergure. Mais cette vieille prison médiévale incarne l'arbitraire de l'Ancien régime. En l'abattant, les Parisiens font tomber un rempart de l'absolutisme. Et cette journée, qui marque le début de la Révolution, restera dans les mémoires comme un jour de liberté.

Le Petit Prince

Title:     Le Petit Prince

Author:     Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (1900-1944)

EBook No.:  0300771h.html

Edition:    2

Language:   French

Character set encoding:     Latin-1(ISO-8859-1)--8 bit (html)

Date first posted:      April 2003

Date most recently updated: August 2009

Louis Lumière

AKA Louis Jean Lumière

Born: 5-Oct-1864                                                                                                          
Birthplace: Besancon, France
Died: 6-Jun-1948
Location of death: Bandol, France
Cause of death: unspecified
Remains: Buried, Cimètiere de la Guillotière, Lyon, France

Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: White
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Inventor

Nationality: France
Executive summary: Inventor of motion pictures

His father, Antoine Lumière (1840-1911), was a painter of portraits who had a studio in Besançon, and added the relatively new technique called photography to his services in 1861. At this shop in 1882 Louis Lumière and his brother Auguste developed a new apparatus for the mechanized production of photographic gelatin dry-plates, which had been introduced several years earlier, eliminating the need for plates to be stored in a darkroom before and after exposure. The Lumières' method of mass-producing these dry-plates made the hobby and profession of picture-taking far more convenient, and transformed the brothers' business from a struggling shop into a minor industrial concern. By 1900 Lumière & Sons was one of Europe's largest photographic firms.

In 1894, their father returned from a trip to America excited about a new technology he had seen demonstrated, Thomas Edison's kinetoscope, and the elder Lumière's impassioned description of the device inspired his sons' imagination. Kinetoscopes, however, could only be viewed by one person at a time, by peering through a peephole into a mechanized box. Louis Lumière envisioned something different -- a projected image that could be shared by an audience, in the same way that audiences share a play. With his brother's assistance, Lumière designed the Cinematograph, a self-contained camera and projector which used a clawed-gear to advance sprocketed film, a principle used in movie cameras and projectors for more than a century since. The machine was constructed by their colleague, engineer Charles Moisson, and was lightweight enough to be effectively portable, allowing the capture of motion at almost any location.

The Cinematograph was patented in both brothers' names on 13 February 1895, though Auguste Lumière generally conceded that his brother was its primary inventor. It was the first apparatus for making and showing films to audiences in a way that would be recognizable today as "going to the movies", and the Lumière brothers are often credited as inventors of the motion picture. They presented the first public screening of a movie, La Sortie des Usines Lumière (Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory), at the Société d'Encouragement de l'Industrie Nationale in Paris on 22 March 1895. Nine months later, on 28 December 1895, they held the first motion picture exhibition for a paying audience, presenting a twenty-minute program of ten of their short films (though the adjective "short" was not yet applicable) in a rented room at the Grand Cafe on Boulevard des Capucines in Paris. According to legend, when a clip of a train advancing toward the camera and crowd was projected on the screen, men screamed, women fainted, and much of the audience ran toward the back of the auditorium.

The Lumières, however, saw motion pictures more as a curiosity than a business venture, and they withdrew from motion picture production in about 1901, as other technology soon superseded the Cinematograph. They continued in the photography business with great success, however, introducing the popular Autochrome system of color photography in 1904, and the Lumière brand remained a stalwart of European photography for decades. After Auguste Lumière stepped away from the business in 1910, Louis Lumière introduced a stereoscopic photography system in 1920, and a three-dimensional motion picture system in 1930. In a fitting coincidence, their surname, Lumière, translates to English as the word "light".

Father: Claude Antoine Lumière (artist/photographer, b. 13-Mar-1840, d. 15-Apr-1911)
Mother: Jeanne Joséphine Costille Lumière (b. 29-Jul-1841, m. 1861, d. 20-Dec-1915)
Brother: Auguste Marie Nicolas Lumière b. 19-Oct-1862 Besancon, France, d. 10-Apr-1954 Lyon, France
Sister: Jeanne Claudine Odette Lumière Koehler (b. 2-Apr-1870, d. 24-Oct-1926)
Sister: Juliette Lumière Winckler Gélibert (b. 30-Sep-1873, d. 25-Jan-1924)
Sister: Francine Lumière Winckler ("France", b. 18-Sep-1882, d. 3-May-1924)
Brother: Edouard Lumière (b. 18-Nov-1884, d. 17-Apr-1917 World War I)
Wife: Jeanne Rose Léonie Winckler Lumière (b. 3-Oct-1868, m. 2-Feb-1893, d. 21-Oct-1925, three children)
Daughter: Marguerite Jeanne Suzanne Lumière Trarieux (b. 15-Sep-1894, d. 24-Dec-1973)
Son: Jean Lumière (b. 1898, d. 1898 stillborn)
Daughter: Albertine Louise Yvonne Lumière (b. 28-Apr-1907, d. 4-Apr-1993)

Member state of the European Union.  There are 27  countries in the European Union.

1.Austria                                            Vienna

2.Belgium                                           Brussels

3.Bulgaria                                          Sofia

4.Cyprus                                             Nicosia

5.Czech  Republic                             Prague

6.Denmark                                         Copenhagen

7.Estonia                                            Tallinn

8.Finland                                            Helsinki

9.France                                              Paris

10.Germany                                       Berlin

11.Greece                                            Athens

12.Hungary                                        Budapest

13.Ireland                                           Dublin

14.Italy                                                Rome

15.Latvia                                             Riga

16.Lithuania                                      Vilnius

17.Luxembourg                                 Luxembourg

18.Malta                                             Valletta

19.Netherlands                                  Amsterdam

20.Poland                                           Warsaw

21.Portugal                                        Lisbon

22.Romania                                       Bucharest

23.Slovakia                                        Bratislava

24.Slovenia                                         Ljubljana

25.Spain                                              Madrid

26.Sweden                                           Stockholm

27.United  Kingdom                          London

Bonjour!

         Je  m’appelle  Tavinan  Rungnaran.  Je  suis  née  le  21  octobre  1995.  J’ai  16  ans.  Je  suis  Thaïlandaise.  J’habite  à  Chumphon.  Je  suis élève  en  première  de  l’école  Wangklaïkangwon.  Dans  ma  famille  il  y  a  trois  personnes.  Je  suis  fille  unique.  J’aime  beaucoup  le  sport.  Je  n’aime  pas  le  chat.  Mon  rêve  c’est  d’étre  guide  touristique.